Updated April 2026 | III, NAIC, state DOI filings
No-Fault State Car Insurance Per Month: PIP Required in 12 Jurisdictions
12 states require PIP. The cheapest is Hawaii at $143 per month; the most expensive is Florida at $321. The 2019 Michigan reform, the Pennsylvania choice between full and limited tort, and why no-fault is not a single product.
The no-fault state roundup
| State | Full coverage / mo | Min limits | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hawaii | $143 | 20/40/10 | Credit scoring banned. No-fault state with lower-than-average accident severity and low ve... |
| North Dakota | $148 | 25/50/25 | No-fault state with PIP but very low population density and low accident frequency yield m... |
| Massachusetts | $163 | 20/40/5 | Credit scoring banned. No-fault state. Despite high population density, strict regulation ... |
| Minnesota | $175 | 30/60/10 | No-fault PIP state with UM required. Moderate rates despite the PIP requirement -- low fra... |
| Kansas | $180 | 25/50/25 | No-fault state with PIP. Hail and tornado risk (comprehensive claims) lift rates above nei... |
| Utah | $183 | 25/65/15 | No-fault PIP state. 2025 limit increase. Growing Salt Lake metro and high per-capita vehic... |
| Pennsylvania | $188 | 15/30/5 | Choice no-fault state. PA's low statutory minimums are offset by high bodily-injury litiga... |
| Delaware | $210 | 25/50/10 | No-fault PIP state. Urban density in Wilmington corridor drives higher-than-average rates.... |
| Kentucky | $225 | 25/50/25 | Choice no-fault state. High uninsured-driver rate and elevated litigation for drivers who ... |
| Michigan | $246 | 50/100/10 | Credit scoring banned. Michigan's no-fault PIP was reformed in 2020 but remains expensive;... |
| New Jersey | $252 | 35/70/25 | New Jersey's Jan 2026 minimum limit increase and PIP no-fault system place it among the mo... |
| New York | $268 | 25/50/10 | New York City density, high bodily-injury claim severity, mandatory no-fault PIP, and requ... |
| Florida | $321 | 10/20/10 (PIP $10K) | Florida's no-fault PIP system and high uninsured-driver rate (~20%), combined with hurrica... |
The Michigan no-fault reform of 2019
Michigan operated the most expensive no-fault system in the country from the 1970s through 2019, with mandatory unlimited PIP medical coverage that resulted in Michigan having the highest average auto insurance premiums in the US, often $300+ per month for full coverage. The unlimited PIP system was actuarially generous (any auto-injury medical cost was covered for life) but the premium burden became politically untenable.
Public Acts 21-23 of 2019 (the Michigan no-fault reform package) restructured the system effective July 2020. Drivers could now choose PIP medical coverage levels: $50,000 (only available to drivers with qualifying Medicaid coverage), $250,000, $500,000, or unlimited. The reform also banned credit-based insurance scoring (Michigan was previously a credit-scoring state) and capped attorney fees in auto-injury cases.
The effect on premiums has been mixed. Drivers who chose lower PIP limits saw real savings (15 to 35 percent on the PIP component). Drivers who chose unlimited PIP saw modest savings (5 to 15 percent). Average Michigan full coverage premium fell from approximately $310 per month pre-reform to approximately $246 per month in 2026, still high but no longer the highest in the country. Michigan now ranks behind Florida, Louisiana, Nevada, and New York.
The Pennsylvania choice: full vs limited tort
Pennsylvania operates a choice no-fault system. At policy inception, drivers choose between full tort and limited tort coverage. Full tort preserves the unrestricted right to sue for pain and suffering after an accident. Limited tort restricts the right to sue to cases meeting a serious injury threshold (death, serious disfigurement, serious impairment of bodily function).
Limited tort coverage typically costs 15 to 20 percent less than full tort for equivalent liability limits. The trade-off is the loss of right to sue for pain and suffering in less-than-serious injuries. Most Pennsylvania drivers choose limited tort for the savings. The choice is at the household level and applies to all household drivers; you cannot mix the two within one policy.
Why some no-fault states are cheap and others are expensive
The no-fault status alone does not predict cost. Hawaii is a no-fault state and ranks 7th cheapest in the country. Massachusetts is a no-fault state and ranks 13th cheapest. Florida is a no-fault state and ranks 50th (second most expensive). The composite of factors that drive each state's premium (population density, uninsured-driver rate, litigation environment, weather risk, fraud levels, statutory minimum limits) overshadow the no-fault classification.
Hawaii's cheap rates stem from low accident severity (slow speeds on island roads), low uninsured-driver rate, low theft, and low litigation. Florida's expensive rates stem from a historically fraud-prone PIP system (multiple legislative attempts to clean up the fraud have had limited effect), a high uninsured-driver rate around 20 percent, hurricane-related comprehensive claims, and large urban populations. The no-fault classification is shared but the cost outcomes diverge entirely.